Volume  Eight  Number  Three 


SCHOOL  OF  MINES 
AND  METALLURGY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  MISSOURI 


BULLETIN 

JUNE  1916 


THE  BUSINESS  OF  MINING 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  7,  1909,  at  the  postoffioe  at  Rolla, 
Missouri,  under  the  act  of  July  18,   1894.     Issued  Quarterly. 


SCHOOL  OF  MINES 
AND  METALLURGY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  MISSOURI 


THE  BUSINESS  OF  MINING 

An  Address  Bij 

W.  R.  INGALLS, 

Editor  of  "The  Engineering  and  Mining  JonrnaV 

Delivered  at  the  Forty-fifth  Commencement  of  the 

SCHOOL  OF  MINES  AND  METALLURGY, 

Friday,  May  26,  1916. 


ROLLA,  MISSOURI 
1916 


Press  of  the 

Missouri  Printing  and  Publishing  Company, 

Mexico.  Mo. 


BULLETIN 

of  the 

School  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy 

UNIVERSITY  OF  MISSOURI 

VOL.  VIII,  JUNE  1916  NO.  3 

THE  BUSINESS  OF  MINING. 


W.  R.  INGALLS 

Annual  Commencement  Address,  May  26,  107 (J. 


In  expressing  my  pleasure  in  being  with  you  today,  I 
recall  the  story  of  a  little  boy  who  went  to  Sunday  School 
for  the  first  time.  His  mother  gave  him  a  nickel  to  put  in 
the  collection  box.  When  he  returned,  he  had  a  sack  of 
candy. 

''Where  did  you  get  the  candy?"  asked  his  mother. 
''Prom  the  stand  around  the  corner." 
"But  what  did  you  buy  it  with?" 
"With  the  nickel  you  gave  me." 
"But  that  w^as  for  Sunday  School." 
"Well,"  replied  the  boy,  "1  didn't  need  it.     The  min- 
ister met  me  at  the  door  and  got  me  in  free." 

I  have  long  been  desii*ous  of  visiting  Rolla.  I  never 
expected  to  do  so  in  this  i)rominent  and  agreeable  capacity. 
But  I  met  Dr.  IMcRae  and  he  has  got  me  in  free  and  I  am 
going  to  have  the  sack  of  candy  in  the  pleasant  memory  of 
my  visit  with  you. 

When  l)i'.  IMcRae  asked  me  to  be  in  Rolla  on  this  dis- 
tinguished day  to  address  the  class  about  to  graduate,  he 


4  MISSOURI    SCHOOL    OF   MINES 

offered  me  no  suggestion  regarding  what  he  thought  I  ought 
to  talk  about.  He  left  it  wholly  to  me.  Now  this  may  not 
have  been  altogether  wise.  I  like  to  travel  roads  that  are 
well  posted,  and  I  like  to  keep  my  eyes  open  for  sign 
boards  and  avoid  wandering  off  into  bypaths  that  may  lead 
me  into  trouble.  Left  to  my  own  devices  here  I  may  be  like 
a  bull  in  a  china  shop  and  I  may  break  some  of  your  favor- 
ite traditions,  but  I  hope  not.  Nevertheless,  I  fear  that  I 
may  be  regarded  as  unorthodox  in  some  respects. 

I  have  called  the  subject  of  my  address  to  you,  ''The 
Business  of  Mining."  Here  is  my  first  exhibition  of  heresy. 
Some  may  think  that  in  addressing  a  class  of  embryo  min- 
ing engineers,  I  ought  to  talk  about  the  "profession  of  min- 
ing." But  no,  that  does  not  sound  just  right.  I  should 
say  rather  the  profession  of  "mining  engineers."  We  min- 
ing engineers  are  strongly  given  to  talking  about  our  pro- 
fession, about  its  dignity,  about  its  ethics  and  so  forth. 

Now,  during  recent  years  I  have  been  wondering  more 
and  more  whether  we  are  not  rather  highfalutin'  in  talking 
about  ourselves  as  professional  men,  and  if  we  are  not 
really  simply  business  men  and  are  shutting  our  eyes  to  the 
fact.  Of  course,  this  idea  does  not  apply  to  the  mining  and 
metallurgical  engineer  alone.  It  pertains  to  the  civil  engi- 
neer in  general,  using  the  term  "civil  engineer"  in  contra- 
distinction to  military  engineer,  which  was  its  original 
meaning,  long  before  it  became  substantially  restricted  to 
the  railway  builders,  bridge  builders  and  their  kindred.  As 
between  the  civil  engineer,  in  this  broad  sense,  and  the 
physician,  surgeon,,  lawyer  and  clergyman,  there  is  surely 
a  difference.  The  medical,  legal  and  theological  men  all 
have  to  comply  with  certain  regulations,  either  prescribed 
or  sanctioned  by  the  state.  If  they  misbehave,  they  are 
liable  to  lose  their  right  to  practice.  There  is  neither  such 
a  requirement,  nor  such  a  penalty  in  the  case  of  the  engi- 
neer. He  practices  of  his  own  free  will  and  he  may  misbe- 
have grievously  without  losing  the  right  to  practice, 
although  he  may  lose  the  esteem  of  his  fellowmen.  Further- 
more, the  medical,  legal  and  theological  men  have  a  certain 
star  dins:  in  the  eyes  of  the  law.  If  they  are  the  holders  of 
professional  confidences,  they  are  supposed  not  only  to  pre- 
serve them,  but  also  they  may  not  be  required  on  the  wit- 
ness stand  to  disclose  them.  The  engineer  also  is  under  this 
moral  obligation,  but  he  possesses  no  such  legal  inviolabil- 


MISSOURI    SCHOOL    OF    MINES  O 

ity.     In  this  respect  the  journalist  probabl}'  has  more  of  a 
legally  recognized  characteristic  than  the  engineer. 

Well,  what  is  a  professional  man?  What  is  a  profes- 
sion?   Let  us  refer  to  Webster's  dictionary. 

^'PROFESSION.  That  of  which  one  professes  knowl- 
edge ;  the  occupation,  if  not  purely  commercial,  mechanical, 
agricultural,  or  the  like,  to  which  one  devotes  one's  self;  a 
calling  in  which  one  professes  to  have  acquired  some  special 
knowledge  used  by  way  either  of  instructing,  guiding,  or 
advising  others  or  of  serving  them  in  some  art ;  calling ;  vo- 
cation ;  employment ;  as,,  the  profession  of  chemist.  The 
three  professions,  or  learned  professions,  is  a  name  often 
used  for  the  professions  of  theology,  law  and  medicine." 

This  is  a  definition  that  illuminates  rather  than  defines. 
The  engineer  when  engaged  in  a  mechanical  operation,  and 
that  is  the  largest  part  of  his  work,  is  inferentially  ex- 
cluded, but  when  he  employs  the  special  knowledge  that  he 
professes  to  have  acquired  either  for  instructing,  guiding, 
or  advising  others,  he  may  be  considered  a  professional 
man.  I  might  also  do  some  quibbling  Avith  respect  to  the 
doctors  and  lawyers,  some  of  whom  are  charged  distinctly 
with  practices  of  commercialism,  and  are  criticized  for  not 
conforming  to  the  principles  of  altruism  that  are  supposed 
to  govern  professional  practitioners.  Well,  let  us  engineers 
brush  away  all  pretences.  Let  us  admit  that  in  the  main  we 
are  engaged  in  mechanical  occupations,  the  {)rime  purpose 
of  which  is  to  produce.  The  engineer  constructs  things  and 
operates  them  when  constructed.  He  is  engaged  in  a  busi- 
ness and  needs  no  code  of  ethics  beyond  thos<'  that  prevail 
in  all  kinds  of  commercial  life  as  a  guich^  of  correct  con- 
duct. The  young  man  who  leaves  school  niid  cntei's  into 
life  with  any  other  idea  than  this  is  likely  to  do  himself 
harm. 

How  often  have  Ave  seen  graduates  of  mining  schools 
lingering  unsuccessfully  in  a  vocation  for  Avhich  they  were 
unfitted,  sustained  by  a  |)i'ide  in  Avhat  th(\v  call  their  pro- 
fession, reluctant  to  confess  that  they  had  made  a  mistake 
in  going  into  something  for  which  they  Avere  not  ada])ted. 
I  recall  a  young  man  of  this  soi't  Avho  Avas  gi'aduated  fi'om 
a  distinguished  mining  school  and  prom]itly  called  himself 
a  mining  enginiMM*.  He  Avas  not  an  engineei'  then,  nor  at 
any  subsequent  time, — he  had  not  the  kind  of  a  mind  that 


6  MISSOURI    SCHOOL    OF   MINES 

an  engineer  must  have — but  he  stuck  on,  flitting  from  one 
petty  job  to  another.  I  urged  him  to  switch  to  something 
else,  but  my  suggestions  were  not  favorably  viewed.  On 
one  occasion,,  however,  he  got  so  far  as  to  inquire  of  me 
what  I  should  advise  him  to  take  up. 

''Well,  Brown,"  I  said,  "you  will  probably  be  shock- 
ed. I  feel  certain  that  you  were  not  cut  out  for  an  engi- 
neer. But  I  have  a  notion  that  you  would  be  a  first-rate 
salesman  in  some  business  associated  with  engineering." 

Of  course  he  went  right  up  in  the  air.  The  possessor 
of  an  engineering  sheepskin  to  be  a  salesman !  Perish  the 
thought !  He  left  me  to  take  the  superintendency  of  a 
picayune  mine,  having  a  good  title,  but  a  dubious  stipend. 
In  a  few  months  he  was  out  of  a  job  again  and  trying  to 
collect  arrears  of  pay  for  his  last  one.  Then  for  several 
years  I  saw  nothing  of  him.  I  surmise  that  he  just  managed 
to  exist  on  fitful  occupations.  But  mind  you,  he  was  dur- 
ing all  this  time  a  mining  engineer  and  a  professional  man. 

One  day  he  was  ushered  into  my  office  and  greeted  me 
effusively.  He  was  arrayed  with  elegance  and  exhibited 
many  evidences  of  prosperity.  He  informed  me  early  in  our 
conversation  that  he  had  quit  eno^ineering  and  had  become 
a  salesman ;  that  he  had  lately  closed  a  half-million  dollar 
contract  and  was  going  to  be  the  general  sales  agent  of  his 
company.  He  was  not  even  sheepish  in  his  confession;  also 
he  had  forgotten  my  own  advice  to  him. 

I  knew  another  young  man  who  threw  up  a  good  but 
subordinate  position  for  which  he  was  well  fitted  to  go  into 
the  field  as  advisory  engineer.  I  urged  him  not  to  do  it, 
pointing  out  that  he  was  unfitted  for  it,  and  also  that  the 
unattached  engineer  is  likely  to  experience  six  lean  years 
to  every  fat  one ;  but  unfortunately,  he  had  a  fat  one,  right 
in  sight.  After  a  while  the  lean  ones  came  and  things  be- 
gan to  be  harder  and  harder.  He  used  to  send  me  desper- 
ate appeals  for  help  and  advice.  Finally  he  wrote  me  that 
he  was  auite  unable  to  earn  a  living  by  his  profession ;  that 
he  was  just  managing  to  get  alons:  by  selling  soap;  what 
should  I  advise  him  to  do?  I  replied  that  if  he  had  found 
he  could  not  get  a  living  by  what  he  called  his  profession, 
but  could  get  it  by  selling  soap,  the  logic  of  the  situation 
seemed  to  me  to  point  to  his  continuing  to  sell  soap.  How- 
ever, in  the  course  of  time,  he  fell  into  a  more  congenial  but 


MISSOURI    SCHOOL   OF   MINES  7 

modest  niche  in  engineering   and  then  was  well  content  to 
stay  there. 

My  purpose  in  relating  these  anecdotes  has  been  to 
point  out  to  you  young  men  that  you  should  not  be  led 
astray  by  pride  in  a  supposed  profession,  which  really  is 
not  a  profession  so  much  as  it  is  a  business  avocation ;  and 
secondly  that  you  should  not  hesitate  to  abandon  your  now 
chosen  work  if  you  find  later  that  you  are  unfitted  for  it 
and  made  a  mistake  in  choosing  it.  We  all  make  mistakes 
and  shall  continue  to  do  so  as  long  as  we  are  human.  The 
most  that  any  of  us  can  hope  for  is  not  to  make  the  same 
mistake  twice,  but,  alas!  we  do  even  that.  It  is  no  confes- 
sion of  incapacity  for  a  young  man  to  say  five  years  after 
graduation  that  he  made  a  mistake  in  studying  mining ; 
that  he  would  better  have  been  a  farmer  or  a  merchant.  Jt 
would,  however,  be  distinctly  a  confession  of  incapacity  to 
stick  to  something  to  which  you  know  yourself  to  be  un- 
fitted, or  something  that  is  uncongenial  to  you. 

Now,  I  am  not  the  materialist  that  perhaps  my  words 
have  indicated.  On  the  contrary  I  am  an  idealist.  All  my 
life  I  have  been  doing  those  things  that  I  liked  to  do  and 
have  not  thought  enough  about  what  they  paid.  We  have 
several  kinds  of  engineers.  There  is  first  of  all  the  great 
body  of  men  who  operate  our  mines  and  metallurgical 
works.  They  are  the  subalterns,  captains  and  colonels  of 
our  army.  Fewer  in  number  are  those  who  advise  about 
the  development  of  mines,  build  metallurgical  works,  devise 
new  metallurgical  processes.  They  are  the  stafi:'  officers. 
Many  of  them  are  great  scientists,  whose  work  is  often  in- 
adequately reciuited.  Finally  there  are  the  engineers  in 
whom  the  business  instinct  is  highly  developed — men  like 
Jackling,  Hoover,  Hammond,  Bradley — who  are  our  gener- 
als. I  admire  the  engineers  of  each  of  these  classes.  Each 
in  his  own  way,  humble  or  high,  is  doing  necessary  work 
and  contributing  to  the  wealth  that  the  mining  industry  be- 
stows upon  the  world. 

However,  in  mining",  as  in  everything  else,  the  scarcity 
is  in  good  officers,  and  the  higher  you  go,  the  greater  is  the 
scarcity.  Eveiy  nuui  in  the  I'anks,  oxevy  one  of  you,  like 
Nai)oleon's  soldiers,  carriers  a  mnrshal's  baton  in  his  knap- 
sack, meaning  that  the  road  of  i)romotion  is  perfectly  open. 
Whether  you  will  travel  that  road  rapidly  or  not  depends 
upon  yourself  alone.    Now,  please  note  that  among  our  en- 


8  MISSOURI    SCHOOL    OF  MINES 

gineering  generals  the  predominant  characteristic  is  their 
business  instinct.  Their  engineering  training  has  been  rele- 
gated to  the  background.  There  have  been  and  are  many 
generals  who  have  had  no  engineering  training,  or  have 
acquired  it  incidentally,  without  going  to  school  for  it. 
Such  a  one  was  Marcus  Daly,  a  very  great  general,  and 
among  the  many  stories  of  him  I  recall  one  that  illustrates 
my  idea,.       It  is  reported  of  him  that  he  used  to  say: 

"I  listen  to  the  reports  of  my  engineers  and  then  I  lock 
myself  in  my  room  lest  they  influence  my  judgment." 

This  did  not  mean  that  he  depreciated  either  his  engi- 
neers or  their  advice,  but  simj^ly  that  he  had  to  consider 
other  phases  of  the  question  than  those  of  purely  engineer- 
ing character. 

And  similarly,  John  D.  Ryan,  another  great  general, 
lately  said  to  me  : 

''If  the  Anaconda  company  should  do  all  the  good 
things  its  engineers  recommend,  it  would  never  pay  a  divi- 
dend. They  are  good  engineers,  and  most  of  the  projects 
they  urge  are  good,  but  if  we  carried  out  all  of  them  our 
capital  would  be  perpetually  tied  up." 

Here  we  have  one  of  the  great  functions  of  the  busi- 
ness general,  namely  to  control  expenditures  within  the 
limits  of  what  can  be  afforded,  having  in  mind  first  of  all 
the  interests  of  the  stockholders,  the  owners  of  the  business. 

I  am  disposed  to  think  that  it  is  exactly  this  sense  of 
perspective  that  the  technically  trained  engineer  must  seek, 
especially  to  obtain,  if  he  hopes  to  rise  high  in  rank  and 
material  success.  We  have  all  noticed  cases  where  the  en- 
gineer upon  assuming  the  duties  incident  to  general  man- 
agement, considered  many  of  his  new  duties  as  less  import- 
ant, and  more  or  less  subordinate  to  those  of  engineering, 
and  would  still  dwell  upon  the  engineering  functions  of  the 
business  instead  of  developing  the  possibilities  in  his  new 
and  broader  field  of  effort,.  The  technically  trained  man 
too  often  overlooks  the  fact  that  a  knowledge  of  the  mark- 
ets where  the  materials  and  supplies  necessary  to  produc- 
tion may  be  secured;  their  purchase,  transportation  and 
storage ;  the  employment  and  application  of  labor,  supplies 
and  power;  the  supervision,  compensation  and  organization 
of  labor,  and  the  proper  balancing  of  the  activities  of  each 


MISSOURI    SCHOOL    OF   MINES  9 

department  in  itself  and  its  relations  to  the  other  depart- 
ments; the  adjusting  of  the  business  as  a  whole  to  the 
activities  of  the  outside  world ;  the  proper  recording  and 
analyzing  of  the  operations  of  the  business ;  the  knowledge 
of  the  markets  in  which  the  production  must  be  sold,  to- 
gether with  the  selling  of  the  production;  the  raising  of 
working  capital,  disbursements  and  investment  of  earnings ; 
are  all  functions  of  the  business  of  mining  that  are  separate 
and  distinct  from  that  of  engineering  and  are  coordinate  in 
importance.  And  finally,  there  is  ever  to  be  borne  in  mind 
the  great  key  of  the  secret  of  success  in  business  adminis- 
tration, namely  the  getting  of  other  people  to  do  things  for 
you,  whether  they  be  people  that  are  working  for  you,  peo- 
ple with  whom  you  come  in  contact  as  buyers  and  sellers, 
or  people  who  can  in  any  way  assist  you  in  getting  things 
done.  The  man  who  possesses  this  art  is  often  described  as 
a  "good  mixer."  Uncouth  and  imperfect  as  that  term  may 
be,,  it  expresses  nevertheless  something  of  the  quality  that 
is  important. 

In  the  development  and  equipment  stage  of  mining 
and  metallurgy,  good  engineering  is  all  important.  With  a 
badly  developed  mind  and  a  poorly  designed  metallurgical 
plant,  the  best  of  administrators  is  bound  to  have  a  hard 
time.  It  was  formerly  the  custom,  in  the  days  when  our 
industry  had  not  attained  the  organization  of  the  present 
era,  that  the  mining  and  metallurgical  engineer  was  a  jack 
of  all  trades.  The  same  man  might  develop  and  ecjuip  the 
mine,  design  and  build  the  smelting  plant,  and  operate  both 
of  them.  That  day  is  long  past.  Not  only  do  we  now 
specialize  between  mining  and  metallurgical  engineers,  but 
also  do  we  specialize  among  builders  and  operators.  One 
kind  of  metallurgical  engineer  designs  and  builds  the  plant 
and  turns  it  over  to  the  other  kind  to  operate.  In  the  two 
branches  of  work,  a  different  kind  of  talent  is  necessary. 

But  of  course  the  oi)(^rating  men  are  the  great  majority 
of  the  technically  trained  engineers  engaged  in  the  mining 
industry.  Among  them  there  is  no  question  that  we  need  a 
greater  increase  in  business  efficiency,  a  greater  direction 
of  attention  to  mining  as  a  business,  rather  than  as  an  art 
and  science.  The  great  need  among  our  great  mining  and 
metalluT'gical  corporations,  which  have  wonderful  technical 
depai'tments  and  magnificcMit  mechanicMl  e(|uipment,  is  not 
so  much  for  more  technical  and  mechanical  etficiency,  as  it 


10  MISSOURI    SCHOOL    OF  MINES 

is  for  more  business  efficiency,  more  intelligent  purchasing, 
better  organization,  better  recognition  of  the  principles  of 
economics.  The  genius  who  possesses  those  qualities  shines 
the  same  in  whatever  he  undertakes.  The  mining  industry 
does  not  merely  obtain  its  generals  sometimes  from  other 
fields.  Often  it  gives  its  own  men  to  other  work.  Consider 
Hoover,  a  mining  engineer  relatively  young  in  years,  who 
has  become  one  of  the  great  figures  of  the  world.  We  of  the 
mining  industry  knew  Hoover  as  a  great  administrator 
long  before  the  world  at  large  had  heard  of  him.  During 
the  last  two  years  we  have  seen  him,,  who  had  been  con- 
ducting brilliantly  mining  operations  in  all  parts  of  the 
world,  exercise  the  same  talents  in  feeding  and  clothing  a 
nation. 

The  story  of  how  the  Belgian  Commission,  under  Hoo- 
ver, supported  a  people  requiring  $65,000,000  per  annum  in 
food  supplies  with  but  $10,000,000  in  foreign  contributions, 
is  one  of  the  romances  of  business.  The  British  press  has 
consistently  asserted  that  it  is  not  the  generosity  of  Ameri- 
cans for  which  Belgium  should  be  most  grateful,  but  for 
the  commission's  organizing  genius,  which  is  to  say  Hoo- 
ver's genius.  The  problem  was  huge.  It  was  necessary  to 
utilize  the  credit  of  a  population  deprived  of  all  metallic 
and  almost  all  paper  currency;  to  do  a  systematic  banking 
business  across  enemy  lines.  Hoover's  commission  had  so 
to  organize  its  charity  that  the  destitute  in  Belgium  should 
be  aided  by  their  own  countrymen.  Its  direct  efficiency  is 
attested  by  the  fact  that  by  careful  purchases,  the  charter- 
ing of  ships,  and  the  substitution  of  volunteer  effort  for 
middlemen  it  kept  the  price  of  bread  in  Belgium  below 
that  in  London  and  yet  made  $6,000,000  profit  on  its  sales 
during  the  first  year.     This  was  business. 

I  have  dwelled  upon  some  of  the  matters  that  you  have 
not  learned  about  in  your  course  in  this  excellent  school. 
Nobody  learns  about  them  in  any  school.  I  aim  to  impress 
upon  you  that  in  leaving  your  alma  mater,  where  you  have 
pone  through  some  hard  training  under  the  guidance  of 
able  teachers,  you  have  nevertheless  been  doing  nothing 
but  preparatory  work.  You  must  realize  that  your  educa- 
tion and  training  have  but  just  begun  and  if  you  are  to  de- 
velop in  your  chosen  work,  you  must  keep  on  studying  as 
you  have  been  doing,  but  if  anything,,  harder.  You  are  no 
longer  going  to  come  up  for  examinations  at  the  end  of  se- 


MISSOURI    SCHOOL    OF   MINES  11 

mesters,  at  which  you  are  striving  for  marks,  but  you  are 
going  to  be  examined  just  the  same,  by  the  men  who  are 
employing  you  and  their  examinations  will  be  the  real 
thing.  They  will  test  what  you  know  and  that  will  mean 
dollars  and  cents,  reputation  and  even  livelihood  to  you. 

How  then  are  you  to  fit  yourself  for  these  coming  ex- 
aminations? I  can  not  suggest  to  you  any  simple  vade 
mecum,  no  pony,  crib  or  dope-book ;  not  even  any  plain  line 
of  conduct,  practice  or  study.  As  well  as  I  can  generalize, 
the  broad  precept  is  self-cultivation.  Pay  attention  to 
everything  that  you  are  doing,  whether  it  be  work  or  play. 
Perhaps  the  best  rule  I  can  give  you  is :  Observe  and  think. 
I  venture  to  say  that  it  is  precisely  that  rule  that  your 
teachers  in  this  college  have  been  trying  to  impress  upon 
you.  Without  any  doubt,  they  have  aimed  especially  to 
train  you  to  think  about  the  problems  in  mining  and  metal- 
lurgy that  you  are  going  to  run  into.  Probably  they  have 
also  trained  you  somewhat  in  observation,  but  alas,  the 
training  of  most  of  us  in  observation  is  defective.  We  have 
not  the  excuse  of  the  blind  man  afflicted  by  nature.  We 
possess  the  sense  of  vision;  but  we  go  around  with  our  eyes 
open  and  see  not.  Sometimes  we  do  not  even  seen  enough 
to  take  care  of  our  persons,  and  allow  ourselves  to  be  run 
down  by  automobiles.  One  of  the  most  exasperating  things 
in  our  business  is  the  difficulty  of  getting  young  men  who 
will  see.  In  the  mine,  in  the  mill,  in  the  smeltery,  they  will 
overlook  the  clues  to  the  riddles,  simply  for  not  having, 
been  trained  ade(juately  to  observe  and  report. 

Listen  to  the  story  of  how  Thomas  F.  Walsh  laid  the 
foundation  for  his  great  fortune.  This  was  told  by  ^Ir, 
Walsh  in  an  address  to  the  graduating  class  of  the  Colorado 
School  of  Mines  upon  an  occasion  similar  to  this,,  and  was 
reprinted  in  the  Engineering  and  Mining  Journal  under 
the  sub-caption  of  "Use  Your  Own  Eyes  and  Judg- 
ment." That  is  merely  a  diffeient  way  of  putting  what  I 
have  already  said  to  you,  namely,  ''Observe  and  Think." 

Along  in  the  '8()s,  millions  of  dollars  were  expended  in 
the  development  of*  silvei'-lead  veins  and  the  erection  of 
mills  in  the  Imogene  basin,  nine  miles  fi'om  Ouray,  in  the 
San  Juan  region  of  Colorado.  The  mines  i)roveil  disap- 
pointing. In  the  course  of  time  the  mills  and  machinery 
were  dismantled  and  sold.  In  1896  when  Mr.  Walsh  visited 


12  MISSOURI    SCHOOL    OF  MINES 

the  region,  it  had  been  condemned  as  a  failure  and  exhibited 
all  the  aspects  of  a  "busted  community." 

The  country  was  abandoned,  save  by  one  Andy  Rich- 
ardson, the  original  prospector.  One  day  Mr.  Walsh  went 
with  Richardson  to  examine  a  claim  near  the  summit  of  the 
range.  The  trail  ran  along  the  slope,  and  high  up  the  side 
of  a  steep  mountain.  About  three-fourths  of  the  way  up 
Mr.  Walsh  noticed  a  slide  of  reddish  pyritiferous  porphyry, 
which  attracted  his  attention  as  having  indications  of  gold 
in  or  near  it,  and  he  took  some  samples  .of  it.  He  asked  Andy 
if  gold  had  ever  been  found  in  the  basin.    Andy  replied : 

"No,  Mr.  Walsh,  there  is  no  gold  in  Imogene,  except  a 
little  associated  with  silver  or  lead." 

Mr.  Walsh  said : 

"Andy,  I  believe  there  is  gold  in  Imogene,  and  I  am 
going  to  find  it." 

His  samples  of  porphyry  proved  to  assay  $2  per  ton  in 
gold,  and  that  confirmed  his  suspicion. 

Among  the  mining  claims  owned  by  Mr.  Walsh  at  that 
time  was  one  situated  at  about  the  same  altitude  about  300 
feet  east  from  where  he  sampled  the  porphyry.  He  had 
never  seen  the  workings  of  this  claim,  for  a  snow-slide  that 
never  melted  covered  the  tunnel  to  a  great  depth.  The  idea 
occurred  to  him  that  a  gold-bearing  vein  passed  through  or 
near  the  porphyry  dike.  Therefore  he  directed  Andy  to 
drive  a  tunnel  through  the  snow  and  have  samples  for  him 
on  his  return.  Upon  his  return,  Andy  gave  him  two  or 
three  sacks  of  samples  saying: 

"These  are  what  you  asked  me  to  get." 

Something  within  Mr.  Walsh,  as  he  described  it,,  said 
to  him : 

"Go  and  take  your  own  samples.  Remember,  Andy 
has  been  in  the  basin  for  18  years  and  has  never  found 
gold." 

Arriving  at  the  mouth  of  the  tunnel,  Mr.  Walsh  found 
a  dump  of  very  showy  ore  containing  zinc,  lead  and  pyrites. 
Going  inside  and  examining  the  vein,  he  found  an  18-in. 
streak  of  the  same  kind  of  ore  that  was  on  the  dump.  Be- 
tween it  and  the  hanging    wall    there    was  about  3  feet  of 


MISSOURI    SCHOOL    OF   MINES  13 

modest-looking  quartz.  It  had  none  of  the  shiny  mineral 
in  it,  and  looked  so  barren  that  the  average  miner  would 
consider  it  no  good;  but  as  Mr.  Walsh  examined  it  closely 
he  saw  little  specks  and  threadlike  circles  of  glistening 
black  mineral  all  through  it,  which  experience  told  him  was 
gold  in  a  telluride  form.  While  he  was  sampling  this  gray- 
ish-looking quartz,  Andy  grew  uneasy.  Thinking  that  he 
did  not  see  the  metalliferous  streak,  he  called  Mr.  Walsh's 
attention  to  it,  saying  that  it  was  the  pay  streak.  Mr. 
Walsh  replied : 

"Never  mind,  Andy;  I  always  assay  everything  in  the 
vein." 

His  samples  from  the  common-looking  rock  ran  as  high 
as  $3,000  per  ton.  Looking  over  the  situation,  he  found  that 
the  men  who  had  done  the  work,  although  they  were  no  or- 
dinary prospectors,  had  saved  the  showy  low-grade  stuff 
and  had  thrown  the  modest  but  rich  ore  over  the  dump, 
from  which  Mr.  Walsh  afterward  shipped  it.  This  mine — 
the  famous  Camp  Bird  mine — produced  millions.  It  was  a 
strange  coincidence  that  the  bonanza  part  of  the  vein  was 
immediately  beneath  the  spot  where  ]\Ir.  Walsh  picked  up 
the  piece  of  x^orphyry  on  the  trail. 

Cases  of  this  kind  in  the  history  of  mining  in  the  United 
States  may  be  cited  in  great  numbers.  This  is  why  there 
arose  in  the  minds  of  the  administrators  of  mines  during 
the  last  decade  or  two  the  advantage  of  having  a  corps  of 
trained  observers  in  the  underground  workings,  men  hav- 
ing nothing  to  do  with  execution  of  tiie  mining  work,  which 
opened  an  entirely  new  field  of  eni])h)ynient  to  the  young 
college  graduate.  The  Aiuu'onda  company  was  the  first  to 
develoi)  this  system,  as  it  has  nuuiy  others  of  great  indus- 
trial importance.  IMi'.  1).  W.  l^runton,  who  was  then  con- 
sulting engineer  for  the  Anaconda  company,  remarked  in  a 
technical  paper  in  1906: 

''In  my  judgment,  every  company  operating  large 
mines  would  find  it  advantageous  to  employ,  as  a  separate 
official,  a  competent  mining  geologist,  whose  duty  it  should 
be  to  follow  continuously  all  workijigs  and  surveys,  and 
note  with  i)recision  those  indications  Avhich  hard-worked  su- 
perintendents, foi-emen  and  sui'veyors,  however  intelligent, 
might  ('asily  overlook  or  fail  to  record.  The  proper  man 
for  this  most  important  work  is  a  man  who  has  nothing  else 


14  MISSOURI    SCHOOL    OF   MINES 

to  do,  and  will  do  this  one  thing  with  industry,  enthusiasm 
and  technical  knowledge." 

Just  the  same  thing  may  be  said  of  mining  operation. 
The  efficiency  engineer,  with  his  time  studies,  is  above 
everything  else  an  observer.  Of  metallurgy,  too,  the  same 
story  may  be  told.  What  are  our  great  steps  in  advance 
during  the  last  50  years?  In  copper,  the  principle  of  pyritic 
smelting,  coal-dust  firing  of  reverberatory  furnaces,  basic 
converting  and  electrolytic  refining.  In  lead,  first  of  all, 
the  knowledge  of  compounding  proper  slags,  then  the  fil- 
tration of  smoke,  and  finally  the  blast  roasting  of  sulphide 
ores.  In  gold  and  silver,  cyanide  lixiviation.  In  mechani- 
cal concentration,  the  flotation  process.  In  no  one  of  these 
cases  was  the  progress  the  result  of  a  lucky  discovery.  No 
one  drew  a  grand  prize  in  the  lottery  of  success.  Each  one 
was  the  result  of  technical  evolution.  The  germ  of  the  idea 
dated  back  a  half  a  century  in  some  of  the  cases.  Scores 
of  investigators  had  played  with  it,  some  of  them  coming 
within  sight  of  success.  In  most  cases  the  thing  needful 
was  staring  them  in  the  face,  but  was  overlooked  through 
the  human  failing  to  oberve  accurately.  When  finally  it 
was  found  everybody  was  amazed  by  the  simplicity  of  it. 

It  is  only  in  the  metallurgy  of  zinc  that  there  have  been 
no  major  improvements  that  I  think  of,  yet  that  does  not 
disprove  my  point.  The  art  of  zinc  smelting  was  trans- 
planted from  China  to  England.  From  England  it  was  taken 
to  Carinthia,  Silesia  and  Belgium.  America  got  it  from 
Europe.  Both  in  Europe  and  America  it  remains  today  es- 
sentially as  it  was  in  China  centuries  ago  and  is  there  still. 
Our  improvements  have  been  in  details,  chiefly  mechanical, 
the  principle  remaining  the  same.  Yet  it  has  been  by  ob- 
servation that  we  have  improved  the  art  in  its  multiplicity 
of  details  and  created  a  practice  that  China  will  some  day 
copy  from  us,  just  as  we  first  got  it  from  China. 

But  it  is  not  enough  merely  to  observe.  Observation  is 
of  no  use  without  thought.  Observation  must  also  be  accu- 
rate. Inaccurate  observation  and  absence  of  thought  may 
result  in  such  erroneous  deductions  as  happened  from  a 
freak  of  Jim  Gillis  of  Jackass  Hill  in  the  gold  diggings  of 
(yalifornia.  Jim  was  Mark  Twain's  "Truthful  James."  In 
the  early  days  the  stage  road  passed  Jim's  house,  or  cabin 
I  should   say.       The    old    miners  used  to  make  sour  dough 


MISSOIRI    SCHOOL    OF   MINES  15 

bread,  and  Jim  had  some  in  a  pan  trying  to  make  it  rise, 
but  it  would  not.  So  he  said,  "I'll  make  you  rise,  durn 
you."  So  he  put  the  pan  out  under  the  oak  that  branched 
over  the  stage  road,  and  put  a  stick  of  giant  powder  under 
it,  and  as  a  result  the  dough  rose  and  hung  all  over  the 
limbs  of  the  tree.  Just  then  the  stage  came  along  loaded 
with  Eastern  women  and  "tenderfeet,"  looking  for  curiosi- 
ties in  the  gold  diggings.  A  lady  asked  Jim  what  kind  of 
a  tree  it  was.  Jim,  with  a  sober  face,  replied,  "Madam, 
that  is  a  bread  tree."  "Really,  is  that  bread  we  see?" 
"Oh  yes,"  said  Jim,  ''you  can  take  the  dough  in  your  hands 
and  work  it  into  bread."  Whereupon  she  took  some  of  it 
and  believed,  and  told  everywhere  about  Jim  Gillis'  bread 
tree  of  Jackass  Hill. 

Such  imperfect  observation  and  such  errors  in  deduc- 
tion have  led  to  some  very  serious  mistakes  both  in  mining 
and  metallurgy.  Accurate  observation  and  sound  thinking 
have  led  to  brilliant  successes.  The  trouble  with  most  of  us 
is  that  we  neither  see  nor  think.  IMillions  of  men  before 
Newton  observed  apples  to  drop,  but  so  far  as  we  know, 
nobody  before  him  gave  thought  to  what  caused  them  to 
drop.  I  have  no  doubt  that  hundreds  of  mill-men  30  years 
ago,  or  more,  observed  greasy  froths  of  mineral  floating  on 
their  mill  water  and  thought  nothing  about  it,  except  to 
pronounce  it  a  nuisance.  T  liapjiened  to  be  connected  with 
the  introduction  of  the  cyanide  process  in  the  United  States 
20  odd  years  ago.  We  tested  in  our  laboratory  all  kinds  of 
minerals  and  knew  accurately  respecting  the  solubility  of 
silver  minerals.  In  a  refinery  that  we  operated  we  produced 
silver  bars  from  black  precipitate  coming  fi'om  some  place 
in  Nevada  where  some  one  was  cyaniding  old  mill  tailings. 
Yet  none  of  us  thought  of  the  general  ap|)licability  of  the 
cyanide  process  to  silver  ores.  That  iini)ortant  industrial 
development  came  years  later,  although  it  was  screaming 
for  our  attention.  But  our  ears  were  plugged  and  our 
minds  were  saturated  with  ideas  of  gold. 

Now  it  is  for  correct  observation  and  sound  thinking 
that  your  college  training  has  been  preparing  you.  I  think 
there  is  a  certain  mistaken  tendency  among  engineers  of 
middle  age  to  depreciate  the  importance  of  technical  train- 
ing. You  are  probably  convei'sant  with  a  questionnaire  re- 
cently addressed  by  Pi'of.  IMann  of  the  Carnegie  Foundation 
to  1,500  engineers,  asking  what  to  their  minds  are  the  basic 


16  MISSOURI    SCHOOL    OF   MINES 

qualities  for  engineers.  The  collated  replies  showed  that 
41  points  out  of  100  should  be  assigned  to  character,,  17  1-2 
to  judgment,  14 1-2  to  efficiency,  14  to  understanding  of 
men  and  only  13  to  technical  ability.  Dean  Marston,  of 
Iowa  State  College,  applied  these  figures  to  six  acquaint- 
ances with  whose  personal  characteristics  he  was  familiar, 
and  found  that  the  banker,  the  grocer  and  the  merchant 
rated  higher  as  engineers  than  did  three  successful  practi- 
tioners of  engineering. 

There  is  manifestly  here  a  misconception.  The  engi- 
neers of  mature  years  have  seen  technically  trained  men  re- 
maining in  the  back-ground,  while  non-technically  trained 
men,  by  virtue  of  their  character,  judgment,  efficiency  and 
understanding  of  men,  step  in  and  take  a  large  number  of 
the  important  administrative  positions.  Take  railroading, 
for  example.  It  is  rather  a  rarity  to  find  a  railway  presi- 
dent who  has  risen  through  the  engineering  corps.  And  in 
mining  and  metallurgy  we  find  a  large  proportion  of  our 
chiefs  taken  from  some  other  line  or  some  other  industry. 
That  1,300  out  of  1,500  engineers — i.  e.  87  per  cent — con- 
sider some  one  of  the  elements  that  go  to  make  up  character 
the  fundamental  necessity  for  engineering  success  does  not 
mean  that  the  average  of  these  1,500  engineers  would  rate 
the  elements  of  character  as  making  up  87  per  cent  of  the 
necessary  qualifications  of  an  engineer.  Not  one  of  those 
engineers  would  think  of  taking  a  graduate  of  a  business 
college  as  a  technical  assistant.  Such  a  one  would  not  even 
be  able  to  understand  the  language.  No,  the  meaning  is 
rather,  I  think,  that  on  top  of  technical  training  the  ele- 
ments of  character  are  of  supreme  importance  and  that  in 
course  of  time  they  outweigh  everything  else  and  are  those 
things  that  make  for  success  in  any  business  man.  The 
technical  training  is  a  ground  work,  and  only  a  ground 
work.  If  we  find  fault  with  the  product  of  our  technical 
schools  it  is  for  their  assumption,  real  or  fancied,  that  tech- 
nical training  is  the  whole  thing,  that  they  are  creating 
professional  men,  not  merely  business  men. 

Thus  I  come  back  to  my  theme — the  business  of  min- 
ing. Mining  is  a  business.  It  should  be  so  regarded.  You 
should  consider  yourselves  as  business  men.  You  are  not 
going  to  be  any  better  or  any  worse  than  other  business 
men.  You  are  not  going  to  have  any  professional  dignity 
to  uphold  that  the  honest  stockbroker  or  the    conscientious 


MISSOI  RI    SCHOOL    OF   MINES  17 

manufacturer  of  woolen  goods  has  not  got  to  have  in  mind. 
Both  of  them  may  be  just  as  honorable  men  in  business  as 
are  miners  and  smelters.  There  is  no  greater  fallacy  than 
when  it  is  told  of  the  miner  that  he,  like  the  farmer,  is  one 
of  the  producers  of  clean  wealth  for  the  reason  that  coming 
out  of  the  ground  it  does  not  come  out  of  anybody  else, 
with  the  implication  that  other  kinds  of  wealth  are  more  or 
less  tainted.  The  value  of  minerals  in  the  ground  inherent- 
ly is  nil.  One  hundred  million  tons  of  gold  ore  in  Antarc- 
tic lands  might  not  be  worth  any  more  than  sand  in  Flori- 
da. By  the  expenditure  of  work  in  overcoming  the  obstacles 
of  nature,  it  might  become  worth  a  great  deal.  All  wealth 
is  the  result  of  human  labor,  generally  assisted  by  capital, 
which  is  the  result  of  previous  Inbor.  Tlie  Avealth  accumu- 
lated by  the  Standard  Oi)  Co.  by  economies  in  manufactur- 
ing and  marketing  is  just  as  clean  as  the  wealth  tliat  the 
miner  produces  out  of  the  ground.  The  banker,  the 
broker  and  the  merchant  is  just  as  necessary  and  just 
as  honorable  a  man  of  business  as  is  the  producer,  and  men 
of  business  who  talk  in  terms  of  profit  are  just  as  honorable 
as  professional  men  who  talk  about  fees  and  engineers  who 
pride  themselves  upon  not  being  concerned  with  commercial 
considerations. 

The  mistake  that  is  most  often  made  in  business  is  to 
suppose  that  we  grow  rich  by  taking  riclies  from  other  men, 
or  that  nations  prosper  by  depriving  other  nations  of  their 
prosperity.  That  would  be  true  if  liches  consisted  only  of 
money,  and  if  there  were  just  so  much  money  and  no  more 
in  the  world.  I^ut  that  is  not  so.  Nations  gi"ow  rich,  that 
is  to  say,  get  comfort,  ease  and  luxury,  only  when  other 
nations  are  growing  rich  too.  only  because  other  nations 
are  growing  rich.     And  so  it  is  with  individuals. 

Consider,  therefore,  that  in  going  out  into  the  world 
from  this  school  you  are  going  into  business — the  business 
of  mining,  which  is  a  very  interesting  business.  Consider 
that  you  are  going  into  business  to  create  wealth,  for  if  you 
do  not  create  wealth  you  will  have  a  hard  time  of  it  and 
might  as  well  not  try  it.  At  first  you  will  probably  have  to 
make  money  for  an  emi)loyer  and  a  portion  of  what  you 
make  for  him  will  come  back  to  you  as  wages  or  salary. 
The  cycle  may  not  be  obvious.  It  may  be  delayed.  But  the 
principle  exists  and  always  will.  You  will  see  many  things 
done  in  ways  that  by  book  they  ought  not  to  be.    You  will 


18  MISSOURI    SCHOOL    OF   MINES 

observe  many  examples  of  crude  mining,  of  muscular  met- 
alurgy — less  now  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago.  But  if 
muscular  metallurgy  makes  money  and  refined  metallurgy 
does  not,  obviously  muscular  metallurgy  is  the  thing  to  do, 
for  otherv/ise  there  would  be  no  bank  account  and  on  pay- 
day there  would  be  gloom.  Keep  that  principle  in  mind, 
but  observe  always  and  think  whether  by  doing  the  right 
thing  an  improved  metallurgy  would  not  make  more  money. 
Look  at  things  always  from  the  standpoint  of  the  business 
man  and  not  from  that  of  the  pedant  and  doctrinaire.  Rub 
against  your  fellowmen.  Build  up  your  character.  Don't 
be  afraid  to  take  chances  and  accept  responsibilities.  And 
when  the  battle  is  over,  let  your  friends  be  proud  to  read 
an  epitaph  like  this : 

Here  lies  one  who  took  his  chances 
In  the  busy  world  of  men; 
Battled  luck  and  circumstances, 
Fought  and  fell,  and  fought  again ; 
Won  sometimes — but  did  no  crowing, 
Lost   sometimes — but  didn't  wail; 
Took  his  beating — kept  on  going,, 
Never  let  his  courage  fail. 


MISSOliRI    SCHOOL    OF   MINES  19 


THESES  SUBMITTED  IN  1916 


A  study  of  the   Stoping  Efficiency  and   Ore   Transporation   of   the  Arizona 
Copper  Company  at  Morenci,   Arizona  -       Robert   Stanley   Burg 

Land  Drainage  in   Central  Iowa  -  -         Ernest  L.    Chamberlain 

Oils  and   Flotation, 

Charles    Yancy   Clayton    and    Clarence   Eugene   Peterson 
An   Investigation   in   Treating  a  Gold   Ore   from   Custer,    South   Dakota, 

Theodore  Saunders  Dunn 
Report  on  the  Lucky  Bill  Mine,  Grant  County,   New  Mexico, 

Walter    Gammktfr 
Pneumatic   Ore  Concentration, 

Robert   Winters   Johnson   and  Walter  William   WErssBA'.H 
Leaching  Flue   Dust,  -  -  Edwin   Alexander  Kayser 

The  Effect  of  Temperature  Upon  the  Crystal  Size  and  Physical  Properties 
of   Iron   and   Steel,  -  -  -  E.   J.   McNely 

The  Development   of  a  Copper-Silver   Ore   Body        Colwell   Arba   Pierce 
Notes  on  Mine  Operations  of  the  American  Zinc  Company  of  Tennessee, 

Homer  Kent  Sherry 
A  Report  on  La  Cotabambas  Auraria  Mining  Company,  Hector  J.  BozA 
Underground   Mining  Methods   of  Utah   Copper   Company, 

Thomas   S.   Carnahan 
Leaching   Experiments  on   an   Arizona   Copper   Ore, 

GuNNARD  Edmund  Johnson 
Development  of  the  Flotation  Process  for  Concentrating  Copper  and   Iron 
Sulphide   Ores,  -  -  -  H.    T.    Marshall 

The   Cost   of   Producing   Electricity   at   the   Hamilton,    Missouri,    Light   and 
Power  Plant  .  .  _  Bernard  Williams  Adams 

Tars  from  Cannel   Coal,       J.   C.   Ingram,    O.   Ta    Lumaghi   and   F.   Grotts 
A  Wet  Process  for  the  Recovery  of  Mercury,  -  Robert  G.   Sickly 

Construction   and  Maintenance  of  Kansas  City   Boulevard   Pavements, 

R.  R.   Benedict 
Economic   Design   of   Concrete   Steel   Highway   Bridges,        T.    P.    McCague 
Method   and    Costs   of   Rock     Excavation    Inlet    Swamp     Drainage   District, 
Lee  County,   Illinois,  _  _  .  Arch   W.   Naylor 

An   Investigation    in    Portland   Cement  -  Byron   L.    Ashdown 

Mining  Metliods  at  Cahmiet  and  Arizona  Mining  Company,  J.  I^.  Head 
Comparison  of  Operating  Expenses  and  Capital  Expenditures  of  Tw(^ 
Different  Types  of  Boiler  Rooms  Covering  Extensions  Expected  Dur- 
ing The  Next  Twenty  Years  -  -  -  -  G.  H.  Boyer 
Some  Chemical  Problems  in  Geology  -  Reginald  Scott  Dean 
Flotation  of  a  West  Joplin  Slime.  -  J.  S.  Hoffman  and  J.  J.  Dowd 
Comparative  Tests  of  Hammer  Drill  Bits  -  -  H.  H.  Vogel 
Preliminary   Report   on    The    Property   of   The   Ruby    Copper   Company, 

C.   A.  Pierce 
An   Investigation   in   Portland   Cement   Concrete,  -         Don   H.    Morgan 

The  Determination  of  the  Method  For  Milling  a  New  Mexico   Ore, 

A.  X.  Illinski 
Design  of  a  Plant  For  Concentiating  Phosphate  Rock,  N.  L.  Ohnsorg 
Problems  in   P'lotation,  _  .  _  w.   H.   McCartney,   Jr. 

Milling   Experiments   on   a  Western    Ore, 

H.  E.  Koch  and  E.  B.  Weiberg 
Flotation  of  Zinc  Carbonates  and  Silicates,  G.  Erskine  and  Y.  Klepel 
A  Study  of  a  Certain  Filled  Sink  Ore  Deposit,  -  A.   Z.  Dunham 

Design    of   a   Concrete    Steel    Bridge    over    Dry    Fork,     -     E.    V.    Damotte 


20  MISSOURI    SCHOOL    OF   MINES 

PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  MISSOURI 
SCHOOL  OF  MINES 

BULLETIN-GENERAL  SERIES. 

Vol.  1,  No.  1,  Dec,  1908.  The  human  side  of  a  mining  engineer's 
life.      Edmund   B.    Kirby.      (Commencement  address,    June    10th,    1908.) 

Vol.    1,   No.    2,    38th  Annual   Catalogue,    1909-1910. 

Vol.  1,  No.  3,  June,  1909.  Education  for  utility  and  culture.  Calvin 
M.   Woodward.      (Tau  Beta  Pi   address.) 

Vol.  1,  No.  4,  Sept.,  1909.  The  history  and  the  development  of  the 
Cyanide  Process.      Horace  Tharp  Mann. 

Vol.  2,  No.  1,  Dec,  1909.  The  Jackling  Field.  School  of  Mines  and 
Metallurgy. 

Vol.   2,  No.   2,    39th  Annual  Catalogue,    1910-1911.      (Out  of  print.) 

Vol.  2,  No.  3,  June,  1910.  Some  of  the  essentials  of  success.  Charles 
Sumner   How^e.       (Commencement   address,    June    1st,    1910.) 

Vol.  2,  No.  4,  Sept.,  1910.  Friction  in  small  air  pipes.  E.  G.  Harris, 
Albert  Park,  H.  K.  Peterson.  (Continued  by  Technical  Series.  Vol.  1, 
No.   1  and  4.) 

Vol.  3,  No.  1,  Dec,  1910.  Some  relations  between  the  composition 
of  mineral   and   its  physical   properties.      G.    H.    Cox,   E.   P.   Murray. 

Vol.    3,  No.    2,  March   1st,   1911.      40th  Annual   Catalogue,    1911-1912. 

Vol.  3,  No.  3,  June,  1911.  Providing  for  future  generations.  E.  R. 
Buckley.      (Tau  Beta  Pi  address.   May   24th,   1911.) 

Vol.  3,  No.  4,  Sept.,  1911.  Fall  announcement  of  courses.  (Out  of 
print.) 

Vol.  4,  No.  1,  Dec,  1911.  Fortieth  anniversary  of  the  School  of 
Mines  and  Metallurgy  of  the  University  of  Missouri.  Parker  Hall  Me- 
morial address.  Laying  of  cornerstone  of  Parker  Hall,  Rolla,  Missouri, 
October   24th,   1911. 

Vol.    4,   No.    2,   March,    1912.      41st   Annual   Catalogue,    1912-1913. 

Vol.  4,  No.  3,  June,  1912.  Mining  and  civilization.  J.  R.  Finlay. 
(Commencement  address.   May   31st,    1912.) 

Vol.    4,   No.    4,    Sept.,    1912.      Fall  announcement  of  courses,   o.   p. 

Vol.   5,  No.    1,   Student  Life. 

Vol.    5,    No.    2,    March,    1913.      42nd   Annual   Catalogue,    1912-1913. 

Vol.   5,   No.   3,   Never  puljlished. 

Vol.    5,   No.    4,   Never   published. 

Vol.    6,   No.    1,   Never  published. 

Vol.    6,   No.    2,   March,    1914.      43rd  Annual   Catalogue,    1913-1914. 

Vol.   6,  No.   3,  Never  published. 

Vol.    6,    No.    4,   Never  published. 

Vol.    7,   No.    1,   Never   published. 

Vol.    7,   No.   2,   March,    1915.      44th  Annual   Catalogue,    1914-1915. 

Vol.  7,  No.  3,  June,  1915.  Description  of  special  courses  in  oil  and 
gas  and  allied  subjects. 

Vol.   7,   No.   4,   September,    1915.     Register  of  Graduates,   1874-1915. 

Vol.  8,  No.  1,  Jan.,  1916.  Bibliography  on  Concentrating  Ores  by 
Flotation.      Jesse   Cunningham 

Vol.    8,    No.    2,    March.    1916.      45th   Annual    Catalogue,    1915-1916. 

Vol.  8,  No.  3,  June,  1916.  The  Business  of  Mining.  W.  R.  Ingalls. 
(Commencement  adddress.  May  26,   1916.) 

Vol.  1,  No.  1,  November,  1911.  Friction  in  air  pipes.  Technical 
Series.      E.    G.    Harris,    (Continuation    of   General    Series,   Vol.    2,   No.    4) 

Vol.  1,  No.  2,  February,  1912.  Metallurgy  and  ore  dressing  labara- 
tories  of  the  Missouri  School  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy.  D.  Copeland,  H. 
T.   Mann,   H.   A.   Roesler.      (Out  of  print.) 

Vol.  1,  No.  3,  May,  1912.  Some  apparatus  and  methods  for  demon- 
strating rock  drilling  and  the  loading  of  drill  holes  in  tunneling.  L.  E. 
Young. 

Vol.  1,  No.  4,  August,  1912.  Friction  in  air  pipes.  E.  G.  Harris. 
(Continuation   of  Vol.    1,   No.    1,   November,    1911.) 

Vol.  2,  No.  1,  August,  1915.  Comparative  Tests  of  Piston  Drill  Bits. 
C.   R.   Forbes  and   L.   M.   (ZJummings. 

Vol.  2,  No.  2,  November,  1915.  Orifice  Measurements  of  Air  in  Large 
Quantities.      Elmo   G.    Plarris. 

Vol.  2,  No.  3,  February,  1916.  Cupellation  Losses  in  Assaying.  Hor- 
ace T.   Mann   and   Charles  T.   Clayton. 

Vol.  2,  No.  4,  May,  1916.  Geological  criteria  for  determining  the 
structural  position  of  beds.     G.   H.   Cox  and  C.  L.  Dake.      (In  press.) 


3  0112  105733072 


